The Poetry of China

 

Assignment: Compare the Ode to King Wen from the Shih Ching (#235) and Psalm 2 from the Bible

Ode to King Wen

Ode to the Davidic King

King Wen is on high ;
Oh ! bright is he in heaven .
Although Zhou was an old country ,
The [favoring] appointment lighted on it recently .
Illustrious was the House of Zhou ,
And the appointment of God came at the proper season .
King Wen ascends and descends ,
On the left and the right of God .
 

Full of earnest activity was king Wen ,
And his fame is without end .
The gifts [of God] to Zhou ,
Extend to the descendants of king Wen ; --
To the descendants of king Wen ,
In the direct line and the collateral branches for a hundred generations .
All the officers of Zhou ,
Shall [also] be illustrious from age to age .
 

They shall be illustrious from age to age ,
Zealously and reverently pursuing their plans .
Admirable are the many officers ,
Born in this royal kingdom .
The royal kingdom is able to produce them , --
The supporters of [the House of] Zhou .
Numerous is the array of officers ,
And by them king Wen enjoys his repose .
 

Profound was king Wen ;
Oh ! continuous and bright was his feeling of reverence .
Great is the appointment of Heaven !
There were the descendants of [the sovereigns] of Shang ; --
The descendants of the sovereigns of Shang ,
Were in number more than hundreds of thousands ;
But when God gave the command ,
They became subject to Zhou .
 

They became subject to Zhou .
The appointment of Heaven is not constant .
The officers of Yin , admirable and alert ,
Assist at the libations in [our] capital ; --
They assist at those libations ,
Always wearing the hatchets on their lower garment and their peculiar cap .
O ye loyal ministers of the king ,
Ever think of your ancestor !
 

Ever think of your ancestor ,
Cultivating your virtue ,
Always striving to accord with the will [of Heaven] .
So shall you be seeking for much happiness .
Before Yin lost the multitudes ,
[Its kings] were the assessors for God .
Look to Yin as a beacon ;
The great appointment is not easily [preserved] .
 

The appointment is not easily [preserved] ,
Do not cause your own extinction .
Display and make bright your righteousness and name ,
And look at [the fate of] Yin in the light of Heaven .
The doings of High Heaven ,
Have neither sound nor smell .
Take your pattern from king Wen ,
And the myriad regions will repose confidence in you .

Why do the nations conspire, and the peoples plot in vain?
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and his anointed, saying,
"Let us burst their bonds asunder, and cast their cords from us."
He who sits in the heavens laughs; the LORD has them in derision.
Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying,
"I have set my king on Zion, my holy hill."
I will tell of the decree of the LORD: He said to me, "You are my son, today I have begotten you.
Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession.
You shall break them with a rod of iron, and dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel."


Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth.
Serve the LORD with fear, with trembling
kiss his feet, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way; for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.
 

 

 

 

 

See also Psalm 72  and  Psalm 110

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The text of both the ode and the psalm are taken from http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/

 

For a commentary on the Shih Ching (Book of Songs), visit http://mockingbird.creighton.edu/english/worldlit/wldocs/churchill/bksongs.htm

For a comparison of the Shih Ching and the biblical Song of Songs, please visit the following link: http://www.elis.sk/aas/full/aas197d.pdf

For discussions of the concept of the 'Mandate of Heaven' see: http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/PM-China/ch2_main.htm  http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/shu-jing.html

 

Questions:

1) What similarities and differences do you notice between these two texts?

2) How, if at all, do these two texts present different conceps of kingship?

3) Compare the importance of Zhou and Zion in the two texts.

4) To what extent are the different religious backgrounds immediately apparent from the texts?

5) What were you able to find out about the concept of the 'mandate of heaven'? Do you think this idea is a universal religious and political phenomenon? Can you think of other examples, perhaps from your own religious tradition and/or Scriptures?

 

LINK TO NEXT PAGE

 

 

GENERAL LINKS ABOUT CHINESE LITERATURE AND POETRY:

Literature from the Descendents of the Dragon   http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/wen/index.html

Ban Zhao   http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/banzhao.html    Other Women's Voices  http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/

Selections of Chinese Poetry   http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/c-poet1.html

 

King Wen                   medieval MS picture

King Wen                                                                                                King David