Peter B. Henderson, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA { phenders@butler.edu }

Vicki L. Almstrum, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA { almstrum@cs.utexas.edu }

Some of the resources we chose to include are somewhat dated, yet remain useful. Other resources are updated daily, such as the one by the Center for Women and Information Technology, http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/. All URLs are current as of March 26, 2002. An electronic copy of this document is maintained at this URL http://blue.butler.edu/~phenders/resources/. If you wish to suggest additions or corrections, please contact Peter Henderson { phenders@butler.edu }. We hope you find this collection to be useful.

• Women and computing organizations (non-academic)
• Organizations
• ACM’s Committee on Women in Computing (ACM-W), http://www.acm.org/women/
• Association for Women in Computing, http://www.awc-hq.org/
• Gender Pages of Computing Professionals for Social Responsibility, http://www.cpsr.org/program/gender/
• Women in Technology (WIT) Committee of the Australian Computer Society, http://www.acs.org.au/boards/cab/wittr.html
• Institute for Women and Technology, http://www.iwt.org/
• Women in Technology International, http://www.witi.org/
• WIGSAT, Women in Global Science and Technology, http://www.wigsat.org/ [supports global networking on critical issues in science and technology for development]


• Online resources
• systers and Mecca Database System, http://www.systers.org/ [an informal organization for technical women; requires membership via a sign-up page]
• Her Domain of Austin, http://www.herdomain.org/ [a support and networking group for women interested in the World Wide Web]
• Webgrrls International, http://www.webgrrls.com/ [a forum for networking, exchanging job and business leads, forming strategic alliances, mentoring and teaching, interning and learning skills to help wome n succeed in an increasingly technical workplace and world]
• Digital Eve, http://www.digitaleve.org/ [a global, non-profit organization for women in new media and digital technology] ,


• Conferences
• Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, http://www.gracehopper.org/
• 1994,http://www.research.compaq.com/nsl/hopper/grace94.html
• 1997,http://www.systers.org/keeper/GHC97.html
• 2000,http://www.systers.org/keeper/GHC97.html
• 2002,http://www.gracehopper.org/


• Pre-College Women and Computing
• Computer Girl, http://www.computergirl.us/
• University of Waterloo's High School Liaison site, http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/High_School_Liaison/


• Women and computing in academia
• General organizations
• Women in Computing Academic Resource, http://www.womenswork.org/wcar/
• The Computing Research Association's Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research, http://www.cra.org/Activities/craw/


• Sampling of academic student/faculty organizations
• University of Arizona, UofA WICS, http://www.cs.arizona.edu/wics/
• University of California Berkeley, WICSE, http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wicse/ ( The Woman Student's Perspective + Survey )
• Carnegie Mellon University, Women@SCS, http://women.cs.cmu.edu/
• University of Maryland, AWC, http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/awc/
• University of Regina, Women in CS, http://www.cs.uregina.ca/CSwomen/
• Stanford University, WICS, http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~womencs/


• On-line resources
• Center for Women and Information Technology, http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/ [has as its mission to encourage more women and girls to study computer science and/or information systems and to pursue careers in IT; to enable all women and girls to use IT comfortably and knowledgeably; assure that the richness and breadth of women's lives and concerns are fully represented and readily available on the Internet; and to foster research concerning the relationship between gender and IT]
• Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago, http://www.uic.edu/depts/crwg/ [focuses on multidisciplinary, collaborative research and training in the areas of health, work, and culture; staff are available to assist faculty members in developing proposals, to provide office support for grant writing and submission, and to provide fiscal management after the grant is obtained]


• Some success stories
• Carnegie Mellon University, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gendergap/ [From 1995 to 2000, the percent of female computing undergraduate students rose from 7% to 42%]
• The PipeLINK Project at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: Connecting Women Across the CS Pipeline http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~walkere/pipelink/ [an NSF-supported project from 1995-1996]
• Northeastern University in Boston:
• Women in Engineering program, http://www1.coe.neu.edu/~wie/ [designed to connect students with mentors, tutors, career advice, financial aid, and other women in engineering]
• Master of Science in Information Systems Program, http://www.coe.neu.edu/COE/grad_school/msis.html [designed for students and professionals who desire to make a career shift i nto the information systems field]


• Organizations for women in related technical disciplines
• Society of Women Engineers (SWE), http://www.swe.org/
• IEEE Women in Engineering Committee, http://www.ieee.org/women/
• Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, http://www.siam.org/world/women.htm
• Association for Women in Mathematics, http://www.awm-math.org/
• Mathematical Association of America, http://www.mystery.com/WAM/
• Association for Women in Science, http://www.awis.org/
• Women of NASA, http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/intro.html
• Women in Science, Engineering and Technology, http://www.shu.ac.uk/witec/
• Women Chemists Committee of the American Chemical Society, http://membership.acs.org/W/WCC
• Women in Computing, Norway, http://datajenter.ntnu.no/2002/linker.html
• Society of Canadian Women in Science and Technology, http://www.harbour.sfu.ca/scwist/
• Women in Engineering Programs and Advocates Network, http://www.wepan.org/
• Women and Hi Tech, Indianapolis, http://www.womenandhitech.org/


• General women’s groups, organizations, and mailing lists
• Girls Incorporated, http://www.girlsinc.org/
• Girls Incorporated, http://www.girlsinc.org/
• U.S. Department of Labor Women's Bureau, http://www.dol.gov/dol/wb/
• Joan Korenman, Gender-Related Electronic Forums, March 25, 2002, http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/forums.html; the site includes several sub-lists, including:
• Women-Related Science/Technology Email Lists, http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/f_sci.html
• Women-Related Email Lists About Education or Campus Life, http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/f_educ.html


• Selected websites, books, articles on women in computing and IT
• The Ada Project (TAP), http://tap.mills.edu/ [a clearinghouse for information and resources related to women in computing]
• Jane Margolis and Allan Fisher. Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.
• Rachel K. Adelson. Live Wire: Computer Confidence for Women, http://awc-hq.org/livewire/
• Paula Caplan. Lifting a Ton of Feathers : A Woman's Guide to Surviving in the Academic World. University of Toronto Press (December 1993) ISBN: 0802074111.
• Paul DePalma. Why Women Avoid Computer Science. Communications of the ACM, 44(6) (June 2001), pp. 27-30. [Available http://www.cps.gonzaga.edu/~depalma/cacm1.doc]
• AAUW, Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age (2000), http://www.aauw.org/2000/techsavvy.html
• Pat Heim, Hardball for Women: Winning at the Game of Business, Plume (September 1993); ISBN: 0452270804.
• Amy Pearl, Martha E. Pollack, Eve Riskin, Becky Thomas, Elizabeth Wolf, and Alice Wu. Becoming a Computer Scientist. Communications of the ACM, 33(11) (November 1990). [Available http:// cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/becoming.comp.sci]
• Ellen Spertus. Why Are There So Few Female Computer Scientists?, MIT AI lab Technical Report 1315, August 1991, [Available http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/why.html ]
• Dale Strok. Women in AI. IEEE Expert, 7(4), August 1992, http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/ieee/ieee.html
• Ellen Spertus. Women and Computing, 1998, http://www.mills.edu/ACAD_INFO/MCS/SPERTUS/Gender/gender.html
• Center for Women and Information Technology, Books about Women and Information Technology, 2002, http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/cwitbooks.html
• Jane Furger. Does Jane Compute? Warner Books, 1998. [easy to read and practical view of pre-college computing, especially related to younger girls]
• Wired Women in High Tech, http://www.wired.com/news/women/
• Sally Innanen and Sophia Huyer. Gender, Science, and Technology, an International Bibliography, January 2, 1996, http://www.wigsat.org/bib.html
• News We Can Use, http://www.newswecanuse.com/ [devoted to presenting a summary of important news stories about women; focuses on news, issues, books and Web sites of interest to women, most of which are not heavily publicized in the mainstream media]
• Catalyst, http://www.catalystwomen.org/ [a nonprofit research and advisory organization working to advance women in business and the professions]
• What are the Theories Behind Computer Technology Gender Gap?


• Statistics about Degrees Earned in the USA
• NSF Science and Engineering Ph.D. statistics, 1999, http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/srs01405/start.htm#tabs
• Sharon Harrelson, Women and Computer Science, May 1999, http://www.resnet.wm.edu/~slharr/WomenCsci.html


• Fellowship, Scholarship, and Grant Opportunities
• CWIT, Financial Aid for Women in IT, http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/financial_aid.html
• AAUW Educational Foundation, http://www.aauw.org/3000/fdnfelgra.html
• AWIS Educational Foundation, http://www.awis.org/ed_foundation.html
• National Science Foundation (USA), Graduate Research Fellowships, https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/jsp/homepage/grad_research_fel.jsp
• National Science Foundation (USA), Postdoctoral Fellowships, https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/d11/D11contact.htm
• Dawn Rorvik, Internships, Fellowships, and Scholarships, October 11, 2001, http://www.evergreen.edu/research/intern.htm
• Fundsnet Grants and Resources Portal, Women’s section, http://www.fundsnetservices.com/women.htm
• Business and Professional Women’s Foundation, Career Advancement Scholarships, http://www.bpwusa.org/content/BPWFoundation/Scholarships/scholarship s_introtext.htm
• Clare Boothe Luce Program, http://www.hluce.org/4cbldefm.html [a significant source of private funds for women in science, engineering, and mathematics]
• Society of Women Engineers Scholarship Program, http://www.swe.org/SWE/StudentServices/Scholarship/brochure.htm
• Wendy Crone, University of Wisconsin, Graduate Fellowships and Scholarships for Women in Science and Engineering, 2000, http://mandm.engr.wisc.edu/faculty_pages/crone/Flwps_for_WISE.html
• Gretchen L. Hein, Michigan Technological University, Scholarships for Women and Non-Traditional Students, http://www.civil.mtu.edu/~glhein/womensch.html
• Scholarship News, List of scholarships for women in all fields, http://www.computerinstallation.com/scholarshipnew/women1.htm
• National Physical Science Consortium, http://www.npsc.org/ [doctoral graduate program for women in the physical sciences and related engineering fields]
• CRA Outstanding Undergraduate Award Program, http://cra.org/Activities/awards/undergrad/home.html
• Ann Hibner Koblitz and Neal Koblitz, Mathematical Communities: The Kovalevskaia Fund,. The Mathematical Intelligencer, vol. 22 No. 2, 2000. Copy of article available at http://www.math.washington.edu/~koblitz/mikv.html [a small foundation that aims to encourage women in science and technology in developing countries through appropriate forms of support]


• Historical Perspectives on Women in Computing
• Betty Campbell, Editor, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 18(3), Fall 1996. http://www.computer.org/annals/an1996/a3toc.htm [goal of this special issue was to portray the history of women in the field of computing, their position in the field at the time of the article, and their influence on the development of computer science and thought]
• A. N. Lee. Looking Back column in October 1996 Computer, http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/50th/October.html [provides a historical perspective on Women in Computing]
• Women in Programming, http://www.okbu.edu/business/faculty/chanchey/women_in_programming.htm [This material was developed as part of an assignment for students in CIS 330 (Programming Languages) at Oklohoma Baptist University]


• Role Models and Mentors

In planning for this section on role models, we issued a request to several mailing lists (systers, SIGCSE.members, FASE-talk). We received responses from more than 30 individuals, with over 50 suggestions of women considered to be role models. We soon realized that this article was not the appropriate venue for this information. Instead, we intend to find an existing resource or support efforts to develop a new resource that profiles individual role models, using the suggestions we received via email as the initial set of candidates. Two key aspects of these efforts will be to define clearly what it means to be a role model and to create a more in-depth, dynamic resource than a simple list of names.

The responses to our request brought out interesting points about what it means to be a role model. One respondent noted that not all role models are high profile, giving as an example a female CS graduate who used her own funds to establish a scholarship for female computer science students. Another respondent suggested that we consider those "unsung heroes that are also real role models". As an example, he named secondary teachers of CS who teach Advanced Placement courses and accomplish amazing things with little institutional (and societal) support.

Another respondent suggested that many young women avoid computing because they feel that there will be no balance in their lives. She cited the myth that individuals who wish to have a career in computing must work long hours in isolation. She emphasized that appropriate role models can help dispel these myths. Yet another respondent suggested that the process of identifying role models could be used to "recognize women who are still struggling through the ranks and [are not yet] recognized for their awesome accomplishtments".

Another category of role model emerged as we corresponded with Carol Frieze of Carnegie Mellon University's Women@SCS, http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~women/. This site features faculty, students, and staff who are role models at CMU. The site also includes a mentoring page and an advice network, all of which support the role model initiative that is the driving force behind the Women@SCS project. Carol suggested "In keeping with your question 'What does it mean to be a role model?' and suggestions that role models can take various forms, I would like to propose that our web site (which is the public face of Women@SCS) might be seen as a role model." Her suggestion is supported by recognition that the Women@SCS web team recently received, when they were awarded a meritorious service award from the Dean of the School of Computer Science at CMU.

The following list includes general resources on role models and mentors for women in technical areas:

• Anne C. Elster. Academic Women in EECS, http://www.idi.ntnu.no/~elster/doc/women-eecs.html [lists of some of the women employed as faculty in EE, CS and CS-related fields at academic institutions]
• The CRA Distributed Mentoring Project for Women, http://cra.org/Activities/craw/dmp/
• San Francisco Women on the Web: Top 25 Women on the Web, http://www.top25.org/
• Design Your Future initiative, http://www.autodesk.com/dyf/wawork/waworkindex.html [a place for girls to explore career opportunities in math, science and technology; includes sections such as Women at Work, A Day in the Life, imentoring, and National Champions]
• JoAnn Napier, Denise Shortt, Emma Smith. Technology With Curves: Women Reshaping the Digital Landscape, Harper Collins, September 2000, ISBN 0002000482, http://technologywithcurves.com/
• Role Models Project for Girls, http://www.womenswork.org/girls/careers.html [a "sampler" meant to give girls an idea of the breadth of their choices]
• MentorGirls, http://www.mentorgirls.org/ [a grass roots, community outreach program connecting women in dynamic industry with girls in our communities and schools]
• ACM Crossroads, A Day in the Life of …, http://www.acm.org/crossroads/dayinlife/index.html [a regular column that provides simple biographies about people in Computer Science, Management Information Systems, and related fields; the archive provides options to view the archives alphabetically, by gender, or by job/position]
• Girls E-Mentoring Program, http://www.uic.edu/orgs/gem-set/ [for women in science, engineering and technology fields ( GEM-SET) ]

Acknowledgements:

We thank everyone who responded to our requests for information, as well as the authors of the various web sites and resources cited here. We also thank the individuals who read through and commented on various versions of this document.

In particular, we want to recognize the contributions of the following individuals, who contributed many ideas and resources as we developed this collection: